Monday, 7 October 2013

Skin & Hair Diseases ~ Contraindications ~ Contraactions


As hair and make-up artists we need to be aware of any contraindications that a model or client may have.  We should also be aware of any problems, known as contraactions, which may occur whilst doing someone’s hair or make-up.  If any of the below occur you should refer them to a GP rather than trying to second-guess and diagnose it yourself.

Types of microorganisms that could cause contraindications:
BACTERIA
Single celled organism
Can cause Impetigo, Conjunctivitis and Boils
FUNGUS
Reproduces by simple cell division
Can cause Tinea Capitis (Ring Worm) and Athletes Foot
PARASITES/INFESTATIONS
Small animal parasite that survives by living off a live host
Contraindications such as Scabies and Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice) are parasites
VIRUS
Type of parasite that invades healthy body cells, then dividing and multiplying
Can cause Herpes Simplex, Herpes Zoster (Shingles), Warts and Verrucas


Types of Contraindications and Contraactions:
ACNE
Common inflammatory disorder that is not contagious.
Spots contain comedones; black heads, caused by trapped dirt in the pores, papules; hard red lumps that form under the skin, and pustules; yellow or white head spots as they are filled with pus.
If a model or client has acne it should not affect the way that you work in applying the make-up.

BOILS
Bacterial skin infection that begins in a hair follicle or oil gland.
The skin around the infected area will turn red and a lump will develop.  After 7 days the lump will start to turn white as pus collects under the skin.
Boils are only contagious if they pop and someone else comes into contact with the pus from the boil.

 BRUISING AND SWELLING
This is caused by bleeding under the skin due to a trauma to the skin.
Bruising and swelling is not contagious, however may be tender to touch and painful for the client or model.  Try to avoid the area during treatment or be extra careful when attending to that area.

 CONJUNCTIVITIS
Bacterial infection of the eye.  Starts in the lining of the eye causing the eye to become sticky, weepy and very irritated.  The eye will become inflamed and swollen.
Extremely contagious via direct and indirect contact.
If someone has conjunctivitis you should avoid working on him or her.  However if unavoidable you should use disposable brushes and be sure to decant your products so as not to contaminate them.

CUTS AND ABRASIONS
Not contagious but can be painful and prone to infection if open.
The area around should try to be avoided during treatment.

 DERMATITIS
Caused by an allergic reaction and is red and itchy.  Irritants that can cause dermatitis are normally cosmetics, detergents, shampoos and conditioners.
The affected area should be avoided if the skin is broken or weeping.

 ECZEMA
Affected area is red an itchy and can sometimes be flaky.  The skin can become swollen.
Eczema is not contagious, however the affected area should be avoided if the skin is broken or weeping.

HERPES SIMPLEX
Viral infection usually found around the nose and mouth area, also known as a COLD SORE.
Cold sores begin to blister, drying out and becoming crusty and can look like impetigo.  Can be painful and highly contagious.
Working on someone with a cold sore should try and be avoided; however if you have to use disposable brushes and decant any products that you use.

HYPER-KERATOIS
Thickening of the outer layer of skin that contains a tough, protective protein called keratin.
Can happen as part of the skins defences against chronic swelling.
The affected area should be avoided if the skin is broken or weeping.

IMPETIGO
Bacterial infection of the skin, that is caused by the bacteria entering a cut or scratch on the skin and begins to blister.  The blister will then become dry and crusty.
Impetigo is highly contagious via direct and indirect contact.  If a model or client has impetigo you should avoid working on them.
If working on someone with the infection is unavoidable you should use disposable brushes and be sure to decant any products that you use to ensure that you do not contaminate your kit.

PEDICULOSIS CAPITIS
Also known as HEAD LICE.
Anyone that has head lice should be avoided working on.  If you do work on someone with head lice ensure that you clean all brushes and equipment before using them on another client.  This ensures that you do not pass it on to anyone else.

PSORIASIS
Often triggered by stress or can be hereditary and is white scales over red patches of skin.  Psoriasis is usually found on bony parts of the body, however can arise on any part of the body or scalp.
During treatment the affected area should be avoided if broken or weeping.

SCABIES
Parasitic condition that is caused by an itch mite entering the skin through cuts and scratches, burrowing under the skin and laying eggs to reproduce.
Scabies is highly contagious via both direct and indirect contact.
Working on someone with this condition should try and be avoided.  However if you have to be sure to use disposable brushes and decant any products properly.  Ensure you clean and steralise any surfaces that the client touches.

 SHINGLES
Shingles, also known as HERPES ZOSTER is a very contagious virus that comes up in a painful rash.  Caused by the same virus that causes chicken pox.
If your client has shingles, you should ask that they cover and protect the affected area so as not to cause any further spreading of the virus and use disposable brushes.

 STYE
Bacterial infection of the hair follicle, causing a raised swelling on the eye rim.
Styes can be contagious if the bacterium enters a break in the skin, otherwise it is just painful.
If working on someone with a stye you should do so with caution and try not to cause them any more pain.

 TINEA CORPORIS
Fungal infection of the skin, that begins with circular outlines of spots of which the center point becomes wet and weepy.  Also known as a RING WORM.  If occurs on a part of the body such as the head, or scalp, the hairs may fall out.
Highly contagious via both direct and indirect contact.
Working on someone with this infection should try and be avoided, however if unavoidable disposable brushes should be used and products should be decanted properly.

 WARTS
A wart is an overgrowth of the epidermis that is caused by a viral infection.
They are contagious, and should try to be avoided if working with a client that has them.

 WATERY EYES
This is normally a contraaction to products being applied close to the eye.
If this happens during treatment, pause it and allow the eye to rest before continuing to apply more products.
Watery eyes are common, however it could occur if your client is allergic to a product, which should be checked in a prior consultation.


References:
http://www.patient.co.uk/health/watering-eyes-epiphora

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